Future High Speed In-Vehicle PLC Networks

International audienceThis paper deals with power line communication in vehicle (PLC). PLC is a very promising communication solution in order to offer future in-vehicle applications without increasing wiring harnesses. We join recent additional measurements which have been carried out using modified indoor PLC modems. These PLC modems are based on the two main technologies, HomePLUG AV and HDPLC

What is about future high speed power line communication systems for in-vehicles networks?

International audienceThis paper deals with alternative automotive networks involved by the X-by-wire and X-tainment applications. New market demands like navigation, multimedia, security, safety and individualized options introduce more and more electronic control units. Furthermore, the automotive industry has to face a great challenge in its transition from mechanical engineering towards mechatronical products. In the last decades, the power line technology has received an increasing attention and spans several applications both in indoor, outdoor and in-vehicle data communications. To fulfil theses demands of intra-car communications, techniques based on power line communication (PLC) seem to be a good candidate. These techniques offer both high data rate and good adequacy with power line properties. This paper revisits the work carried out in using PLC within the automotive domain. Different solutions are discussed and results are given for different applications

Power Line Communication standards for in-vehicle networks

International audienceThis paper deals with the in-vehicle networks. We propose to study a network which do not need new wires called Power Line Communication (PLC). Indeed, the automotive communication networks has evolved and the electronic devices in-vehicle are widespread. For example, drive-by-wire systems have actuators, engine, sensor and microprocessor to replace mechanical or hydraulic systems in vehicles. Moreover, electronic control unit (ECU) communicates and exchanges data. These needs of data sharing between ECU or between new services like multimedia involve to research new buses of communication with high throughputs. The CAN, LIN and FlexRay are wire protocols of communication usually used in the same vehicles and FlexRay has the highest throughput (10 Mbps). It appears that with the increase of electronic devices there is a wire harness bottleneck. To reduce wires and to have high throughputs (> 10 Mbps), we propose to study the feasibility of PLC indoor standards in-vehicles. PLC are usually used in indoor networks. In this paper, a comparison of two PLC standards with throughput measurements thanks to commercial PLC modem in-vehicle is carried out: HomePlug Av (HPAV) and High Definition Power Line Communication (HD-PLC)

Modem bi-mode CPL/RF pour réseau embarqué dans les véhicules automobiles

National audienceLe marché de l'automobile se tourne de plus en plus vers des solutions électroniques pour la sécurité, pour remplacer les fonctions mécaniques, pour le multimédia, etc. Ces nouvelles fonctionnalités ont cependant besoin de communiquer entre elles. Ainsi les réseaux de communications intra-véhicule sont de plus en plus nombreux comme le CAN ou le FlexRay (10 Mbps). Toutefois, de nouveaux bus de communication sont nécessaires pour à la fois réduire le nombre de câbles (e.g. certaines voitures peuvent avoir jusqu'à 3 km de câbles pesant alors environ 50 kg) et augmenter les débits. Notre étude porte sur la démonstration de la faisabilité de nouveaux bus de communication utilisant un médium de communication Radio Fréquence (RF) et Courant Porteur en Ligne (CPL). Aucun nouveau câble n'est ajouté et les standards utilisés en Indoor comme le WiFi et l'HomePlug Av (CPL) permettent d'envisager des débits élevés. Des mesures de débit effectuées au sein d'une Peugeot 407 SW démontrent la faisabilité de ces solutions. En ce qui concerne le CPL, nous avons adapté des modems du commerce utilisés en Indoor pour les coupler au réseau électrique de la voiture. Nos premières expérimentations nous ont permis d'avoir des débits supérieurs à 10 Mbps (voiture éteinte). Des mesures de débit pour une communication WiFi (norme IEEE 802.11g) ont aussi été faites et nous avons constaté un débit moyen de 11 Mbps (voiture éteinte ou en mouvement). Remarquons enfin que ces débits mesurés sont supérieurs à ceux du FlexRay

Out-of-equilibrium collective oscillation as phonon condensation in a model protein

In the first part of the present paper (theoretical), the activation of out-of-equilibrium collective oscillations of a macromolecule is described as a classical phonon condensation phenomenon. If a macromolecule is modeled as an open system, that is, it is subjected to an external energy supply and is in contact with a thermal bath to dissipate the excess energy, the internal nonlinear couplings among the normal modes make the system undergo a non-equilibrium phase transition when the energy input rate exceeds a threshold value. This transition takes place between a state where the energy is incoherently distributed among the normal modes, to a state where the input energy is channeled into the lowest frequency mode entailing a coherent oscillation of the entire molecule. The model put forward in the present work is derived as the classical counterpart of a quantum model proposed long time ago by H. Fr\"ohlich in the attempt to explain the huge speed of enzymatic reactions. In the second part of the present paper (experimental), we show that such a phenomenon is actually possible. Two different and complementary THz near-field spectroscopic techniques, a plasmonic rectenna, and a micro-wire near-field probe, have been used in two different labs to get rid of artefacts. By considering a aqueous solution of a model protein, the BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin), we found that this protein displays a remarkable absorption feature around 0.314 THz, when driven in a stationary out-of-thermal equilibrium state by means of optical pumping. The experimental outcomes are in very good qualitative agreement with the theory developed in the first part, and in excellent quantitative agreement with a theoretical result allowing to identify the observed spectral feature with a collective oscillation of the entire molecule.Comment: 49 pages, 10 figures; Physical Review X, (2018) in pres

Operation of GaN planar nanodiodes as THz detectors and mixers

In this paper, we perform, by means of Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements, a geometry optimization of GaN-based nano-diodes for broadband Terahertz direct detection (in terms of responsivity) and mixing (in terms of output power). The capabilities of the so-called self-switching diode (SSD) are analyzed for different dimensions of the channel at room temperature. Signal detection up to the 690 GHz limit of the experimental set-up has been achieved at zero bias. The reduction of the channel width increases the detection responsivity, while the reduction in length reduces the responsivity but increases the cut-off frequency. In the case of heterodyne detection an intrinsic bandwidth of at least 100 GHz has been found. The intermediate frequency (IF) power increases for short SSDs, while the optimization in terms of the channel width is a trade-off between a higher non-linearity (obtained for narrow SSDs) and a large current level (obtained for wide SSDs). Moreover, the RF performance can be improved by biasing, with optimum performances reached, as expected, when the DC non-linearity is maximum

La France du Centre-Est (Auvergne, Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, Rhône-Alpes)

International audienceDie Region liefert einen zahlenmäβig bisher noch kleinen Bestand an Befunden, die zur Hauptsache den letzten Jahrhunderten vor der Zeitenwende angehören. Zahlreiche alte und neue Entdeckungen von Weihefunden illustrieren die groβe Bandbreite der Kultorte (Flüsse, Quellen, Höhlen, gewisse Siedlungsplätze usw.). Die jüngeren Forschungen belegen auch die Existenz planmäβig errichteter gallischer Kultstätten an Zentralorten oder im ländlichen Bereich. Sie sind aber oft durch kaiserzeitliche Heiligtümer verdeckt. Insgesamt scheint sich die Region Centre-Est vom Beispiel der Belgica durch eine geringere Präsenz von Elementen der Bewaffnung zu unterscheiden. Dies schlägt zugunsten der Nachweise von Weinamphoren und sonstiger Gefäβkeramik, häuslichem Werkzeug und Gerät, Schmuck oder auch Münzen zu Buche. Weil es an entsprechenden Darstellungen und Inschriften mangelt, bleiben die hier verehrten gallischen Gottheiten jedoch anonym.zu Buche. Weil es an entsprechenden Darstellungen und Inschriften mangelt, bleiben die hier verehrten gallischen Gottheiten jedoch anonym.The amount of cult testimonies collected in this area is still thin and, for the most part, they are dated from the last centuries BC. The impressive finding, recent or previous, of votive deposits illustrates the varying kinds and multiplicity of sacred places (rivers, springs, caves, various settlements...). Recent investigations have provided conclusive evidence for Gallic central or rural organized cult sites, often sealed beneath Roman sanctuaries. On the whole, the central-eastern part of Gaul apparently differs from the Belgic pattern by the paucity of weapons compared to the frequency of wine amphorae, pottery, instrumentum domesticum, ornaments and even coins. Yet, Gaulish deities remain anonymous for lack of representations and inscriptions.La région Centre-Est livre un ensemble numériquement encore faible, appartenant essentiellement aux derniers siècles avant le changement d'ère. Les découvertes nombreuses, anciennes ou récentes, de dépôts à caractère votif, illustrent la variété et la multiplicité des lieux cultuels (rivières, sources, grottes, habitats divers, etc.). Les recherches récentes attestent la réalité de lieux de cultes gaulois centraux ou ruraux organisés, souvent masqués par des sanctuaires d 'époque impériale. Globalement, le Centre-Est semble se distinguer du « modèle belge » par une représentation plutôt faible de l'armement au profit des amphores vinaires, de la céramique, de l'instrumentum domestique, de la parure, voire des monnaies... Les divinités gauloises honorées restent anonymes, faute de figurations et d'inscriptions

De Vivès à Vico : Institutions, catégories et disciplines du savoir dans l’Europe de la Renaissance

Patricia Falguières, professeur agrégée Renaissance des arts : questions de méthode Compte rendu non communiqué Patricia Falguières, professeur agrégéeDaniela Gallo, professeur à l’Université Grenoble-IIOdile Nouvel, directrice de la recherche au musée des Arts décoratifsSophie Pène, professeur à l’Université Paris DescartesPhilippe Sénéchal, directeur de la recherche à l’INHA Art & Industrie Compte rendu non communiqué Patricia Falguières, professeur agrégée Élisabeth LeboviciFlans-Ulrich Ob..

SETHI / RAMSES-NG: New performances of the flexible multi-spectral airborne remote sensing research platform

International audienceSETHI is an airborne SAR/GMTI system developed by the French Aerospace Lab. ONERA, and integrating various sensors. In 2016 ONERA invested in upgrade and improvement of all SETHI components. The microwave ones cover from VHF-UHF to X Band, full polarimetric and very high resolution, along track and cross track interferometry and very high precision multi-baseline capacity for interferometry and tomography applications. The optronic sensors offer very high spatial resolution visible images and fine spectral scene analysis in VNIR and SWIR bands. This paper presents the upgrade and new performances of this flexible platform and the qualification campaign results with various sensor configurations